Erciyes University - Info Package

Dersin Adı	Dersin Seviyesi	Dersin Kodu	Dersin Tipi	Dersin Dönemi	Yerel Kredi	AKTS Kredisi	Ders Bilgileri
MICROORGANISMS AND HUMAN DISEASE	İkinci Düzey	BIOL 620		1	7.50	7.50	Yazdır

Dersin Tanımı

Ön Koşul Dersleri	Non
Eğitimin Dili	English
Koordinatör	PROF. DR. ABDURRAHMAN AYVAZ
Dersi Veren Öğretim Eleman(lar)ı	PROF. DR. ABDURRAHMAN AYVAZ
Yardımcı Öğretim Eleman(lar)ı	-
Dersin Veriliş Şekli	This doctoral-level course is primarily delivered using a seminar format, where the critical analysis of complex scientific literature is emphasized. Each week''s required readings, consisting of seminal research papers, will be utilized for intensive class discussions, and the preparation of detailed critiques by students is expected. Beyond the synchronous sessions, continuous student engagement will be maintained through the ERUDM platform, where all course materials are housed. Through this dedicated portal, weekly advanced problem sets and in-depth case study analyses are distributed and subsequently collected for evaluation. Furthermore, supplementary resources, including advanced problem solutions and instructional videos, are provided to students. The platform''s forum features are also employed to facilitate asynchronous scholarly debate and the addressing of specific student inquiries regarding their required research proposal submissions.
Dersin Amacı	The overarching goal of this course is to ensure that students are equipped with a deep, advanced comprehension of the complex molecular and epidemiological mechanisms governing the relationship between microorganisms and human disease. Foundational knowledge, encompassing the general principles of virology, bacteriology, mycology, and parasitology, is established, upon which highly specialized concepts are built. Ultimately, the successful student is expected to have developed the necessary analytical skills for the critical evaluation of primary research in the field, enabling them to identify significant gaps in current knowledge and to formulate scientifically sound, novel research hypotheses that can contribute to the future advancement of infectious disease science and public health policy.
Dersin Tanımı	This advanced doctoral seminar is designed to provide a comprehensive, rigorous examination of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, with a specific focus on the interaction between microbial agents and the human host. The core curriculum is structured to explore the pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms utilized by major classes of pathogens—bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—followed by an in-depth analysis of critical global health challenges. Contemporary issues, including the emergence of novel diseases, the critical public health implications of antimicrobial resistance, and the role of vaccination in population immunity, are thoroughly reviewed. Furthermore, the principles of diagnostic methodologies and the complexities of hospital-acquired infections are covered, ensuring that a holistic and translational understanding of this vital field is attained by all participants.

Dersin İçeriği

1	Introduction and Foundational Concepts • An overview of microbiology and its historical development • Normal flora and human health • Pathogenicity, virulence, and the chain of infection
2	General Principles of Bacterial Diseases • Bacterial cell structure and classification • Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis (adhesion, invasion, toxin production) • Pathogenic potential of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
3	General Principles of Viral Diseases • Viral structure and replication cycles • Viral pathogenesis and their effects on cells • Major diseases caused by DNA and RNA viruses
4	General Principles of Fungal Diseases • The biology and classification of fungi • Infections caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds • Fungal pathogenesis and the immune response
5	General Principles of Parasitic Diseases • Classification of parasites (protozoa, helminths) • The most important parasitic diseases (malaria, leishmaniasis, etc.) • Life cycles and pathological effects
6	Transmission Routes and Interaction with the Immune System • Routes of infection transmission (droplet, contact, vector, etc.) • The role of the immune system in host-microorganism interactions • Innate and adaptive immune responses
7	Antimicrobial Resistance and Treatment • Mechanisms of action of antibiotics • An overview of bacterial, viral, and fungal drug resistance • Next-generation antimicrobial agents and vaccine development
8	The Microbiome and Human Health • The human microbiome (gut, skin, respiratory tract) and its importance • The relationship between the microbiome and diseases (obesity, allergies, autoimmune diseases) • Microbiome manipulation (probiotics, fecal transplantation)
9	Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases • Zoonotic diseases (transmitted from animals to humans) • Pathogens with pandemic potential, such as COVID-19, Zika, and Ebola • The effect of climate change on infectious diseases
10	Hospital-Acquired Infections (Nosocomial Infections) • The most common hospital infections and their pathogens • Routes of transmission and control strategies • The importance of infection control programs
11	Diagnostic Methods and Laboratory Applications • Cultural and molecular methods for identifying microorganisms • Serological and immunological diagnostic tests • An introduction to laboratory diagnosis through case examples
12	Virology and Clinical Applications • Chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis viruses • Viruses associated with cancer (HPV, EBV) • Advances in antiviral therapy
13	Aşılar ve Halk Sağlığındaki Rolleri Aşılar, vücudu belirli bir patojene karşı korumak için aktif bağışıklık oluşturan biyolojik preparatlardır. Canlı zayıflatılmış, inaktive, toksoid, alt ünite veya nükleik asit (mRNA) bazlı çeşitleri bulunan aşılar, bireysel hastalıklardan korunmanın ötesinde, toplum içinde sürü bağışıklığı (herd immunity) adı verilen kritik bir kalkan oluşturur; böylece aşılanamayan hassas gruplar (bebekler, bağışıklığı baskılanmış kişiler) dolaylı olarak korunmuş olur. Bu koruyucu etki sayesinde aşılar, çiçek hastalığı gibi hastalıkların dünya üzerinden tamamen eradikasyonunda ve çocuk felci gibi hastalıkların kontrol altına alınmasında halk sağlığı açısından en etkili ve maliyet-etkin araçlardan biri olarak hayati bir rol oynar.
14	Gıda ve Su Kaynaklı Salgınlar Gıda ve su kaynaklı salgınlar, patojen mikroorganizmaların (örneğin, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Vibrio cholerae, Norovirüs) veya bunların toksinlerinin kontamine olmuş (kirlenmiş) gıda veya içme suyu yoluyla alınması sonucu meydana gelen enfeksiyonlardır. Bulaşma genellikle yetersiz hijyen, yanlış pişirme, yetersiz soğutma veya çapraz bulaşma (cross-contamination) sonucu gerçekleşir; özellikle su kaynaklarının sanitasyon yetersizliği büyük ve hızlı salgınlara yol açar. Bu tür salgınların önlenmesi ve yönetimi, gıda güvenliği standartlarının uygulanması (HACCP gibi), suyun klorlanması ve filtrasyonu, ve hastalık vakalarının epidemiyolojik gözetim (sürveyans) ile erken tespiti gibi halk sağlığı önlemleri gerektirir.
15	Presentations and Discussion
16
17
18
19
20

Dersin Öğrenme Çıktıları

1	Upon successful completion of this doctoral course,
2	students will be able to:Critically Analyze Molecular Mechanisms: Students will acquire the ability to critically analyze the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis (e.g., virulence factors, host-pathogen interactions) utilized by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
3	Interpret Epidemiological Data: Students will be proficient in interpreting complex global and local outbreak data, transmission routes, and key epidemiological parameters based on primary scientific literature.
4	Evaluate Treatment Resistance: Students will be able to define the molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance and evaluate the clinical and public health impact of newly emerging resistance mechanisms and their genetic transfer.
5	Compare Diagnostic Methods: Students will comparatively explain the efficacy, limitations, and clinical application roles of advanced laboratory techniques used in infectious disease diagnosis (e.g., PCR, sequencing technologies, MALDI-TOF).
6	Explain Vaccination Strategies: Students will elaborately describe the immunological principles of different vaccine platforms (mRNA, vector, subunit) and their strategic roles in achieving and maintaining population immunity (herd immunity).
7	Discuss Microbiome Interaction: Students will develop the ability to discuss current research findings illustrating the reciprocal influence of the human microbiome on host health and disease, including infection susceptibility and immune modulation.
8	Apply Outbreak Management Principles: Students will be capable of formulating a management plan encompassing risk assessment and public health intervention principles for simulated scenarios involving food- and water-borne outbreaks or potential bioterrorism events.
9	Synthesize Research Literature: Students will gain the skill to independently locate, summarize, and synthesize information from primary research literature to develop a scientifically sound, novel research question or hypothesis.
10	Predict Disease Emergence: Students will be able to analytically assess the global drivers (e.g., climate change, ecological shifts) behind emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and predict their future outbreak potential.Communicate Scientific Findings: Students will effectively communicate complex, advanced knowledge to a scientific audience with academic rigor, both through written critical reviews and formal oral presentations.

*Dersin Program Yeterliliklerine Katkı Seviyesi

1	Kimyasal problemlere temel kimya bilgi ve becerilerini kullanarak tek başına çözümler üretebilme yeteneği
2	İleri araştırmalarda bilgi ve beceri düzeyi planlama ve yürütebilme yeteneği
3	Ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde kimya ile ilgili konuları izleyebilir, değerlendirip ve yorumlayabilme yeteneği
4	Alanı ile ilgili yeni düşünce ve yöntemler geliştirerek bilgi toplumu oluşum sürecine katkı yapabilme yeteneği
5	Kimya alanında lisans düzeyinde kazanılan bilgileri genişletmek ve geliştirebilme yeteneği
6	Bilimsel ve analitik düşünme ve sentez yapabilme formasyonu kazandırmak
7	Kimya alanında çeşitli cihazları kullanır ve sonuçlarını yorumlayabilme
8	Uzmanlık alanı ile ilgili deneyleri tasarlar ve uygulayabilme yeteneği
9	Deneysel verilerin değerlendirilmesinde çeşitli istatistik metotları ve paket programları kullanabilme yeteneği
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Yıldızların sayısı 1’den (en az) 5’e (en fazla) kadar katkı seviyesini ifade eder

Planlanan Öğretim Faaliyetleri, Öğretme Metodları ve AKTS İş Yükü

	Sayısı	Süresi (saat)	Sayı*Süre (saat)
Yüz yüze eğitim	14	3	42
Sınıf dışı ders çalışma süresi (ön çalışma, pekiştirme)	14	1	14
Ödevler	1	5	5
Sunum / Seminer hazırlama	1	5	5
Kısa sınavlar	3	5	15
Ara sınavlara hazırlık	5	10	50
Ara sınavlar	1	2	2
Proje (Yarıyıl ödevi)	0	0	0
Laboratuvar	0	0	0
Arazi çalışması	0	0	0
Yarıyıl sonu sınavına hazırlık	10	5	50
Yarıyıl sonu sınavı	1	2	2
Araştırma	0	0	0
Toplam iş yükü			185
AKTS			7.50

Değerlendirme yöntemleri ve kriterler

Yarıyıl içi değerlendirme	Sayısı	Katkı Yüzdesi
Ara sınav	1	60
Kısa sınav	2	20
Ödev	1	20
Yarıyıl içi toplam		100
Yarıyıl içi değerlendirmelerin başarıya katkı oranı		40
Yarıyıl sonu sınavının başarıya katkı oranı		60
Genel toplam		100

Önerilen Veya Zorunlu Okuma Materyalleri

Ders kitabı	Tortora, G. J., Funke, B. R., & Case, C. L. (2024). Microbiology: An introduction (14th ed.). Pearson.
Yardımcı Kaynaklar	To achieve the rigor expected at the doctoral level, the core textbooks will be supplemented with specialized reference materials. Molecular Medical Microbiology is highly recommended for students seeking a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogen virulence and host interaction, which will enrich discussions regarding the general principles of disease. Furthermore, Janeway''s Immunobiology serves as an indispensable resource for contextualizing the intricate host immune response and the effectiveness of vaccination strategies. Finally, for the timely analysis of emerging diseases and public health policy, current data and reports published by leading international bodies such as the WHO and the CDC are considered essential, particularly for preparing case studies on antimicrobial resistance and outbreak management.

Ders İle İlgili Dosyalar

DBP Hakkında

Ders Hakkında

Bölüm Hakkında